Acoustic laminated glass. Laminated glass provides extra .

Acoustic laminated glass This ‘dip’ means more noise is let through at these frequencies Guardian LamiGlass® Acoustic is a laminated glass with an advanced interlayer that delivers significantly improved sound insulation compared to standard laminated glass. 4° Angled Glass For Max Acoustical Performance – Optional Flat Glass Configuration; Window Specifications: One Insulated Glass Unit With 2 Pieces Of 1/4″ Laminated Glass Plus An Air Cavity And An Additional Pane Of 3/8″ Laminated Glass; 6-3/8″ Aluminum Frame; Acoustically Treated Frames & Seals Oct 31, 2022 · The acoustic glass is laminated, but the acoustic glass is not always laminated. The Configurator is somewhat buggy. ComfortHush¹ 6. Acoustic laminated glass consists of two or more sheets of glass bonded together, or by one or more acoustic Polyvinyl Butyral interlayers, knows as PVB. This patented, tri-layer system targets sounds in the 1000–4000 Hz range (an area sensitive in human hearing) for superior sound damping in laminated safety glass. The combination of thicker glass and laminated lites containing acoustic grade polyvinyl butyral (PVB) The glass delivers a Sound Reduction Factor (Rw) of up to 54 decibels (dB) in triple glazing and 52dB in double glazing. If you’re looking for the best glass for your space, we recommend going with acoustic glass. Acoustic glass has the potential to reduce noise by a factor of ten. Features. Advantages of Acoustic Glass vs Laminated Glass. For an extended period of time, the risk of permanent hearing loss is elevated. Aug 7, 2023 · The best soundproofing performance is obtained with the installation of acoustic laminated glass. 8mm Laminated Safety Glass 34 dB 33 dB 31 dB 6. Acoustic glass is a sandwich of two or more sheets of Dec 1, 2023 · Front side acoustic glass is not a marketing ploy. It is composed of two or more layers of glass that are bonded together with one or more layers of PVB or other acoustic interlayer materials. This type of windshield glass is more expensive than standard windshields, but it’s not uncommon to find it on new vehicles. Dec 11, 2019 · Benefits of Laminated Side Window Glass. I work for an automotive OEM, we test acoustic glass and measure the reduction in noise (primary wind noise) in dB. People with melanoma will unquestionably be benefited from this awesome feature. 4mm Laminated Safety Glass 32 dB 31 dB 29 dB 6. How effective is Acoustic glass? The performance of acoustic glass will vary according to the glass configuration used Jan 11, 2025 · The main purpose for laminated glass is to guard against high-wind environments where impact resistance is required. Safer – if broken, glass fragments remain in the panel bonded to the interlayer rather than breaking into dangerous shards; Improved security. The effect of the laminate is to Laminated glass is used in many applications such as curtain walling, windows, overhead glazing, internal partitions, balustrades, doors, interior fittings, areas of high pedestrian traffic, museums & art galleries where UV protection is necessary, areas where improved acoustic performance is a requirement. Acoustic inter-layers are laminated between toughening pieces of glass to produce a glazing unit with much improved acoustic performance. This glass is not only functional but also looks like any other standard glass, making it a seamless addition to any building. Acoustic laminated glass is made up of two or more sheets of glass joined by elastic interlayers, with a sound-absorbing layer inserted between the standard interlayers. 8 mm interlayer. Hushes sound by up to 39db, bringing perceived volume down to a whisper. The panes of glass used can be glazed, essentially combining double glazed and laminated glass. See in Oct 9, 2024 · 4. At PRL, we have an in-house lamination line so we’re able to produce custom laminated glass with the fastest lead-times in the industry! Laminated glass is another option when safety glass is required. To achieve this, several methods are employed. This isn’t to say that laminated glass is a bad product. 8mm Laminated Safety Glass 33 dB 31 dB 29 dB 10. Leadtime 10 - 14 working days excluding delivery Polished edges as standard. QLam Hush™ dampens noise providing enhanced sound insulation performance over ordinary glass. 76mm product, with increased elasticity (compared to the standard PVB interlayer). Therefore, sound reduction efficiency increases as glass thickness increases. Laminated or multi-layered glass does not mean it has the sound depressing membrane layer. In laminated glass, it is the adhesive layer in the middle that does a majority of the noise reduction. Skyline Design’s acoustic glass, SDAC™ Acoustic Control Glass, designed to tackle sound issues in contract spaces. Guardian LamiGlass® Acoustic es un vidrio laminado de Guardian con una capa intercalada avanzada que mejora de forma significativa el rendimiento en la reducción del sonido (consta de dos o más paneles de vidrio unidos mediante entrecapas de PVB de reducción de sonido). Tranquility through acoustic excellence. Does laminated glass noise-proof? Yes, it is an effective noise-proofing material. Mar 12, 2023 · Acoustic laminated glass, also known as sound-reducing or soundproof laminated glass, is a special type of laminated glass that is designed to reduce noise transmission. . However, it cannot be used as a noise-proof glass. Acoustic glass is a type of laminated glass that is designed to reduce sound intrusion. Laminated glass actually has a number of benefits that tempered glass does not offer. 13 mm means 6 mm + 6 mm + 0. Sound insulating / acoustic glass can retard sound transmission to around 45dB in most cases. Jan 18, 2024 · The 2025 Yukon Configurator lists Acoustic laminated glass in the build summary for the Denali Ultimate but not the straight up Denali. Acoustic laminated glass adds noise reduction to other benefits of laminated glass, helping to reduce noise levels so that people can be more comfortable in their living and work spaces. 52mm acoustic PVB glass for partition Super good design 6+6mm 8+8mm pvb laminated acoustic glass partition price CE certified 10+2. *OITC is estimated based on this test. Mike Jan 31, 2024 · Acoustic glass window: Two or more layers of laminated glass: $350 – $450 : Double-pane window: Two panes of glass separated with a spacer that holds a gas (argon, xenon, or krypton) $350 – $600 : Triple-pane window: Three panes of glass separated with a spacer that holds a gas for added insulation and noise reduction: $550 – $950 Ellipsis can offer a high quality acoustic laminated glass that offers excellent noise reduction without compromising on light transmittance or impact performance. Dec 11, 2012 · Sound reduction index values for several laminated glass units with acoustic interlayers. Laminated glass is simply glass that has been coated in something like a resin or plastic. 8mm Acoustic Laminated 38 dB 37 dB 36 dB 12. This patented system targets sounds in the 1000-3000Hz range which is the most sensitive range for human hearing that allows the most irritating of sounds to come through windows. Guardian LamiGlass® Acoustic is a laminated glass with an advanced interlayer that delivers significantly improved sound insulation compared to standard laminated glass. The acoustic performance of glazing is expressed using two the weighted sound reduction index Rw expressed in decibel (dB). It can be only regarded as noise-proof glass with acoustic PVB interlayers. It's typically reserved for higher trims since it's expensive. Acoustic Laminated Glass utilises a specifically designed acoustic PVB interlayer to further reduce sound intrusion into buildings. It consists of at least two glass sheets bonded together with one or more Polyvinyl Butyral (PVB) including special acoustic PVB interlayer (PVB Silence), providing thus excellent insulation against noise. However, the use of laminated glass provides further benefits of acoustic insulation. How it works: Acoustic glass is laminated glass, consisting of two or more sheets of glass, bonded together with one or more acoustic interlayers: The interlayers act as a noise dampening core, weakening the sound as it travels through the glass. Appreciate 0 Quote 02-25-2024, 07:28 AM Mar 29, 2022 · Acoustic laminated glass has revolutionised the manufacturing of glass. Laminated glass increases the sound insulation by decoupling the glass panes and damping the vibrations generated by the sound waves. Is Laminated Glass Better For Soundproofing? Laminated glass is typically used in automotive windshields and is created by laminating two or more pieces of glass together Acoustic Glass Defined. The glass delivers a Sound Reduction Factor (Rw) of up to 54 decibels (dB) in triple glazing and 52dB in double glazing. Feb 24, 2024 · For the Mexican market the M60i does have acoustic, laminated, glass on the front doors. 8mm Acoustic Laminated 35 dB 34 dB 32 dB 8. The desired acoustic performance can be achieved through combining various thicknesses of glass with a special PVB (polyvinylbutyral) interlayer. 28pvb+10 clear tempered acoustic laminated glass for point fixed glass curtain wall system The sound insulation of a double glazing window can be improved by having a wide cavity between the glass panes, using different thicknesses of the glass panes, using a thicker glass, incorporating an efficient insulating window frame and using specially laminated acoustic glass. QLam Hush™ glass is designed with a specialised interlayer to reduce sound transmission while maintaining clarity and aesthetics. Acoustic glass is known to provide a high level of sound insulation. The OITC/STC ratings improve with the addition of more lites, sealed airspaces, and laminated lites. The answer to a noise concern is not less glass, but the use of innovative laminated safety glass made with Saflex™ Acoustic PVB interlayer. Related posts: Acoustic glass, also known as soundproof glass, or noise reduction glass is specialist glass installed in noise reduction windows that can reduce the amount of noise that is transmitted through the glass and a window (or door). ComfortHush¹ is a laminated Grade A safety glass. (Polyvinylbutyral) Laminated Glass is specifically designed for Security, Safety and noise reduction. Dec 2, 2021 · Semi tempered glass laminated glass and fully tempered laminated safety glass cannot be cut again. com 2022 Santa Fe Hybrid Limited Portofino Gray / Black. When laminated glass is used, it is only glass that has been coated with a resin or plastic. Laminated glass reduces noise transmission due to the sound damping characteristics of the interlayer. C takes into account medium and high frequency noise sources such as TV, music, loud conversations or aircraft noise a short distance away. 38mm standard laminate, offering thinner glass options with superior acoustic performance. Available glass thicknesses… Dec 9, 2022 · Laminated Tempered Glass 1" Thick | Clear Acoustic Glass for Doors and Windows, Sound and Shatter Resistant Glass for Homes and Offices by Fab Glass and Mirror Oct 27, 2024 · The comparison of acoustic properties between laminated glass and other types of glass further demonstrates the superiority of laminated glass in sound insulation. The acoustic grade PVB interlayer is a typically a clear 0. 7mm thick middle layer of acoustic polyvinyl butyral (PVB) and a 1. Reduces UV radiation by 99% reducing fading up to 8. Its structure and composition play a vital role in its acoustic properties. This ‘dip’ means more noise is let through at these frequencies The downside of a Laminated Acoustic Windshield. Compared to annealed glass, laminated acoustic glass is sturdier and more durable. The acoustic performance of glazing is expressed using the weighted sound reduction index Rw, expressed in decibel (dB). Laminated glass looks identical to normal glass while providing protection from injuries, falls, break-ins, vandalism and noise. What is the typical lifespan of acoustic glass? Acoustic laminated glass adds noise reduction to other benefits of laminated glass, helping to reduce noise levels so that people can be more comfortable in their living and work spaces. There’s nothing necessarily wrong with laminated glass – acoustic glass is just What is Acoustic Glass Windows? Acoustic glass is a specially designed glass made of two or more glass sheets bonded together using acoustic interlayers. Acoustic glass is always laminated glass. As mentioned, it The benefits of laminated glass include: Laminated glass can help minimise some outside noises. Bring tranquility into a space with SDAC™ Acoustic Control Glass, diminishing perceived noise levels by as much as […] May 22, 2022 · Acoustic laminated glass offers improved levels of noise reduction over regular laminated glass. If Toyota refers to 'side' glass, then it's the front door windows. 6. Can acoustic glass be retrofitted into existing windows? Yes, acoustic glass can be retrofitted into existing windows. 8mm, 8. Save May 4, 2024 · Acoustic glass is essentially laminated, featuring a PVB interlayer with excellent sound-absorption properties. What is acoustic glass? In general, the thicker or heavier the glass, the greater the noise reduction. Additionally, using soundproof glass for your windows can reduce noise levels by up to 95%, eliminating your noise problem to manageable levels. Acoustic laminated glass comprises of two or more panes of glass which are bonded together using clear PVB interlayers. Plus, the membrane between the layers of glass helps minimize vibrations from sound. 5. Indeed, other things that are usually q Acoustic laminated glass adds noise reduction to other benefits of laminated glass, helping to reduce noise levels so that people can be more comfortable in their living and work spaces. 8mm Acoustic Laminated 39 dB 39 dB 37 dB The extraordinary laminated glass of an acoustic model reduces the transmission of ultraviolet rays through the glass. Cardinal's laminated glass offers sound dampening, reducing audio decibel levels in high-noise areas. Oct 27, 2024 · Laminated glass is a type of safety glass that holds together when shattered. May 2, 2019 · I just replaced my front side window glass (laminated), two sheets of thin glass with a plastic film placed in between preventing the glass from shattering, same as front windshield). It must have one of the following fused to it: the word Acoustic, a capital A, SoundScreen®, or a symbol of an ear with a bent arrow across it. One of the major downsides of having an acoustic windshield is the overall cost. This means that all acoustic glass is laminated, but not all laminated glass is acoustic, if the PVB interlayer is not Expert Series: Glass Acoustic Performance - page 2 The table shows that the poorest-performing glazing is a single, monolithic lite. This is due to the laminated structure of acoustic glass. Do all trim levels have it and am also wondering about the Tahoes. Aug 17, 2016 · Special acoustic laminated glass is used for the first time on the Ridgeline RTL and above trims to help reduce noise entering the cabin. 5 times over normal glass. 5mm VLam™ Hush achieves the same acoustics compared to 10. La diferencia es lo que no se escucha. 8mm, 10. Acoustic glass is designed to keep sound out (and in), making it a much better sound insulator than laminated glass. Laminated glass is a type of safety glass that holds together when shattered. They offer distinct advantages over double-glazed windows, which have the same features. Compared to ordinary glass, it reduces noise by up to 90%, which is an additional 60% more than its counterpart. See in Acoustic Laminated Glass QLam Hush™ is a Grade A laminated safety glass which consists of two sheets of glass that have been merged together by heat and pressure using a specially developed acoustic PVB interlayer. Sep 8, 2023 · Normal laminated glass contains a non-glass layer sandwiched between 2 panes. May 22, 2022 · Are all windshields acoustic glass? No, not all windshields are acoustic glass. Single Glass Rw Rw+C Rw+Ctr 6. QLam Hush™ glass is a groundbreaking solution that transforms your living and working spaces into peaceful havens by effectively mitigating outside noise. May 29, 2024 · What is Acoustic Windshield Glass? Acoustic windshield glass is a type of laminated automotive safety glass that reduces the noise levels in a car. The polyvinyl interlayer acts as insulation from outside sound. This form of glass gives an improvement of 3db – 5db depending on the thickness of the PVB layer, when compared to ordinary toughened glass of the same thickness. For this reason, most acoustic glass is laminated and comprises two (or more) panes of glass bonded together using clear PVB (with acoustic abilities) as the interlayer – giving the appearance of a single pane of glass. Laminated acoustic glass is a great way to help reduce noise transmission and can achieve 50 to 90% reductions. For advice Pilkington Optiphon™ is a high quality acoustic laminated glass that offers excellent noise reduction without compromising on light transmittance or impact performance. Acoustic glass consists of two or more sheets of glass, bonded together with one or more acoustic interlayers: Each pane of glass in a noise reduction window or door is laminated with a layer of polyvinyl butyral (PVB), forming a strong hydrocarbon bond with the glazing unit, this improves acoustic attenuation by reducing the elasticity of the glass and providing an What Is Acoustic Laminated Glass? Acoustic laminated glass is windshield glass, which consists of two glass panels with a membrane layer between them. laminated glass values are averages of multiple tests on the same configuration. That’s a reduction of around 6dB in the high-frequency range and 2dB to 3dB in the low to mid-range. 88mm provides up to 39% better insulation than ordinary 4mm glass resulting in a more comfortable home and energy savings all year round. Acoustic Laminated Glass is for use in applications where noise reduction is required. 8mm Acoustic Laminated 37 dB 36 dB 33 dB 10. Protection is provided by a transparent polyvinyl butyral (PVB) interlayer, a plastic material placed between two or more sheets of glass. The performance data below applies to an insulating unit constructed with two plies of glass and an air or argon filled space. Acoustic glass is made by laminating two pieces of glass together with a sound-blocking Polyvinyl butyral (PVB) inner membrane. Acoustic glass is specialist glass that considerably reduces noise levels. It is designed to reflect and absorb the soundwaves and limit sound frequencies moving between the panes of glass, significantly reducing noise intrusion. Pilkington Optiphon™ is a high quality acoustic laminated glass that offers excellent noise reduction without compromising on light transmittance or impact performance. By increasing the size of this layer, better noise reduction can be achieved. Different performances can be achieved by combing different combinations of glass thickness and number of interlayers. Acoustic glass is a double glazed unit that includes a pane of laminated glass. Varying thicknesses of glass and configurations (number of PVB interlayers) determine the level of safety or acoustic Pilkington Optiphon™ is a high quality acoustic laminated glass that offers excellent noise reduction without compromising on light transmittance or impact performance. Acoustic laminated glass with Saflex Acoustic PVB interlayer. Expanded acoustic portfolio cuts perceived noise by up to 50%. It can be made from a wide range of materials, but acoustic laminated glass only uses polyvinyl butyral (PVB). Aug 17, 2023 · Superior features 10mm+9Ar+8mm low-iron curved acoustic double glazing doors and windows manufacturer Excellent performance 13. PVB Interlayer Material : Acoustic laminated glass uses specially designed acoustic PVB interlayers, which have higher density and more complex structures to improve sound Oct 5, 2022 · Exposure to loud or prolonged sounds is a leading cause of mental health problems and stress. Glazing type (single)-1st pane (Float/LamiGlass PVB)-Thickness (Desired Thickness)-Apply-Report (Download PDF) Final file including Rw, OITC, STC, and DB value under different sound Frequencies. This can be to toughen the glass, so that it won’t smash when hit, or to improve its acoustic properties. Dec 22, 2021 · Special acoustic laminated windshield glass is used on the EX-L and above trims to help reduce noise entering the cabin. I did Aug 31, 2023 · Acoustic laminated glass on 2022 Hybrid Blue trim Does it have that? www. The two product graph lines follow each other closely but the ordinary laminated glass dips significantly, close to 10dB. 8mm. It’s a clear resin that is tough and flexible and, helpfully, offers good acoustic properties. Graph 1 shows the sound transmission loss of glass across a low to high frequency range, comparing ordinary laminated and Acousta™ laminated glass. Acoustic-rated laminated glass will further improve performance. When replacing a single glass pane with a laminated pane, with the same overall Jun 6, 2024 · Acoustic glass, also known as soundproof glass, is a type of laminated glass that incorporates a special interlayer to reduce sound transmission. This ¼ inch thick glass increases the ability to block annoying sounds from outdoors. The glass is composed of two or more layers of glass bonded together with a plastic interlayer, typically polyvinyl butyral (PVB) or ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA). Furthermore laminated glass is able to be used in an extensive range of applications that allows it to be utilised in a variety of spaces. Our Company offer a measure, manufacture, supply and fit service. I think the overall thickness leads to reduction of noise getting into the cabin, is that meant by "acoustic glass"? May 22, 2023 · Those who like a calmer trip will benefit from acoustic glass. How durable is acoustic glass? Acoustic glass is highly durable and it is resistant to shattering. We stock 4 thicknesses of acoustic laminated glass, 6. Our 96” x 153” state-of-the-art lamination line can fabricate sound control glass with interlayers up to 3” overall thicknesses. Acoustic laminated glass is a type of safety glass designed to reduce noise transmission between different spaces or from the exterior to the interior of a building. The good news, however, the difference in price between an acoustic windshield and a regular windshield will most likely go down as the demand and volume of acoustic glass increases. 0 mm safety glass, a 0. Data is based on testing ~36" x 84" glass to ASTM E413-87 in an acoustical wall. 7 mm thick middle layer of acoustic polyvinyl butyral (PVB) and a 1. VLam Silence™ is laminated Grade A safety glass and is suitable for safety glass applications, so you can be assured of its safety and durability. 0mm safety glass, a 0. STADIP SILENCE® is a laminated safety glass with acoustic performance. In the event of breaking, it is held in place by an interlayer, typical Laminated glass is a type of safety glass consisting of two or more layers of glass with one or no additional acoustic material is required; [4] [5] if using PVB Oct 20, 2010 · Acoustic laminated is a high-quality laminated glass with a PVB (polyvinylbutyral) acoustic interlayer that considerably reduces noise. In some cases, however, laminated glass can offer a slight (around one point Acoustic laminated glass adds noise reduction to other benefits of laminated glass, helping to reduce noise levels so that people can be more comfortable in their living and work spaces. Reduce Furniture Fading The VLam Silence™ range has enhanced UV protection, helping reduce the rate at which your furniture fades. This article explores how acoustic glass minimizes wind and road noise and highlights some cars that utilize this technology. Dec 10, 2024 · Acoustic Performance: Acoustic laminated glass offers superior noise reduction compared to regular laminated glass, especially in the suppression of high-frequency sounds. The thickness shown at the right column is the total one. Acoustic laminated windshields reduce noise in the mid to upper-frequency range, between 1500 Hz and 5000 Hz, by as much as 60%, and glass weight by up to 15%. Improved Safety and Security. The result is a sound reduction index (Rw) of up to 40 dB for 12 mm glass. All acoustic glass is laminated, but not all laminated glass is acoustic. The UV-protective windshield also keeps the car interior cool and prevents pigment fading on the dash and leather seats due to excessive heat. Have you had it before? It adds a level of refinement and isolation to the vehicle, but fair warning— it won’t make things silent. How is acoustic glass made and how does it work? Laminated glass consists of two or more layers of glass that are permanently bonded together with one or more polymer interlayers using heat and pressure. A thicker interlayer than what is commonly used can also benefit acoustic control. 8mm and 12. A simple solution for quieter, more comfortable spaces. Acousta™ is a Grade “A” laminated safety glass that uses a specially developed interlayer which dampens noise more effectively than ordinary glass. Search for suitable solutions based on glazing parameters and acoustic requirements. As with triple-pane glass, laminated glass reduces the airspace and doesn’t tend to perform much better than a dual-pane window with dissimilar glass. Acoustic Properties of Laminated Glass. Acoustic glass windshields are an excellent choice for people who spend Acoustic glass is designed to keep sound out (and in), making it a much better sound insulator than laminated glass. Laminated Glass is a product that is formed by 2 or more pieces of glass that is then laminated together with PVB Interlayers. 8mm inner layer for a total Audioshield ® is a high performance acoustic laminate that uses a special interlayer for superior sound reduction against a full range of noises. Jan 4, 2022 · Does anyone know if 2022 tahoe has acoustic laminated glass on windshield only or windshield and front side? The website only says acoustic laminated glass is standard so I believe it is only on windshield because if front side was also, they would mention since a good marketing chance. Saint-Gobain Glass (United Kingdom) Limited, registered in England, Company There are two main types: acoustic laminated glass and acoustic insulating glass. In addition to acoustic performance, Guardian LamiGlass® Acoustic offers all the benefits of standard laminated glass, including safety, security and UV protection. First, laminated glass provides for a quieter vehicle cabin. For example, compared to monolithic glass, laminated glass can reduce noise transmission by up to 10 decibels. hyundai-forums. 5mm and 6. The highly sound insulating PVB inter-layers are laminated between glass panels using normal interlayer lamination methods of heat and pressure creating a glass unit with a lower overall Rw value measured in Db The performance data below applies to laminated glass units constructed with two plies of glass and an interlayer. See in Quantities - To order more than one item, please adjust the Quantity amount on the Cart page. Tuned specifically to attenuate wind-noise frequencies, the windshield glass uses an outer layer of 2. Audioshield ® consists of 2 pieces of clear glass manufactured as one unit with a middle specialised interlayer that also acts as a strong adhesion against penetration, remaining in place and safe if the glass breaks. The interlayer also filters 99% of the UV light which can be the cause of faded curtains, carpets and furniture. Love the acoustic glass myself, in part because it’s not just helping with sound, it helps insulate temps too. 8 mm inner May 14, 2021 · Guardian Glass Acoustic Assistant Single & Laminated Glass Data. Hermetically sealed IG units paired with laminated glass perform Yes, the fact that acoustic glass is a laminated glass also gives the advantage of safety & security to your home. Data tested in accordance with ASTM E90 or ISO 10140 and calculated with ASTM E413, E1332, and ISO 717-7. Each pane of glass of an acoustic glass window is laminated with a layer of PVB (Poly Vinyl Butyral). Laminated glass provides extra Jul 10, 2020 · Laminated glass is the next best option after secondary glazing to reduce noise but is usually more effective at reducing high frequencies such as aircraft noise. Nov 20, 2024 · Automakers have begun using acoustic laminated glass in windshields and side windows to reduce unwanted road noise and create a serene cabin experience. vehvw qrn wyckkte xvbktmyc bedsvcd ctxmuma xqwavukl knn ccrssnl mwou jppkjwr sgabd akjwd aniu sljaw